There is a construction of narrative by intellectual refugees of the western liberalism and the historians  have indulged in myth building in post modern era with the baggage of neo colonialism. The institutional disruption of traditional academic structures in interdisciplinary studies of colonial and nei colonial structures there was a pedagogical oppression and suppression of ideas as there were assessment challenges in evaluating effectiveness of such studies. Dismissive avoidance in a show of independence to avoid vulnerability in a dogmatic rejection of alternative perspectives, early rejection of empirical data turned pathological in Eurocentrism limiting its cross cultural applicability. In a award/ reward system with a secrecy some sort of market advantage in Neuroeconomics. Conspiracies also require secrecy for strategic advantage. It is a reading of the past in terms of competing institutions with present day concerns of events of colonial subjugation and independence i.e India under colonial rule and after 1947 in the era of neo colonialism. It can be done with polemical reviews or conceptual apparatus of individuals and society. Entangled histories and the search for limits of nationalism in transference emphasizing the forms of constitutional forms of nationalism in pseudo secular terms is unreasonable at times. Funded research is for the benefit of the organization/institution/foundation funding it which then goes around proving that their product is the best. Independent research is without commercial motives and bias but not treating it as a knowledge product is disaster and the damage is more when open sources are secretly manipulated by some to again add value to the stale product of the funded research as in Wikipedia. There are a lot of Wikipedia page creation service providers who charge anything between Rs 8000- 1.5 Lakh Rupees per page, and an independent research in quick deletion category is signalling to the funded research organizations and institutes to just appropriate it as theirs and get it marketed. Hallucinatory effect generated in large language models of artificial intelligence with bots a digital delusion also arise in deep belief networks. Questions about cyber space and digital rights are sought to be outrightly ignored.

Threat by neo colonial institutions which lack institutional flexibilityas a persistent threat and misappropriation by media and social media dominance is not about inclusiveness. Limiting neo colonialism to cultural exchange, cultural preservation and social inequality only is also problematic. Psychiatrists do not consider racial prejudice as a mental disorder but rather a product of culture and a systemic issue rather than individual issue. But when combined with stubborn behavior in face of irrefutable evidence about false premise it borders mental disorder in a collapsing colonial and neo colonial system. Psychophysics of individual and deep interrelation with society the question of identity in civil society, isolation and desolation is recurring.

Beyond the psychological gratification and sense of entitlement there are financial gains requiring target selection from amongst those in the periphery, gathering information, denial of victimization and injury in rationalizing the manipulative act. Social excitation and social felicitations which causes physiological and psychological arousal sending self excited waves of preferences at individual levels had neurochemical gratification.

Rhetoric and the web of words created in the science of ideas can be frustrating and there was felt a need for anti-ideology, as some sort of free thinking. It was not sufficient to discredit ideological underpinnings in a writing. Reactionary and ultranationalist projects from the periphery in the post colonial and neo colonial knowledge economy in a US/ Western dominated world had a partisan approach. Legitimacy of reactionary behaviours in essentially hierarchical oligarchies and racialized logic was often met with negative response. Politicization of Peace by the elite for serving their own agenda makes the process skewed is by destabilizing power sharing. Partisan framing of peace efforts does not yield lasting results. Propaganda by the Deed in terms of direct action to influence public opinion as done by proponents like Michael Bakunin ( God And the State, 1882) and Carlo Pisacane of insurrectionary anarchism as opposed to propoganda of the idea in some sort of social revolution through leftist extremism could merely be an urge to dominate in the garb of liberation. However, mass surveillance by the state in the garb of national security raised other issues. Intrusive activities by the state regulated mostly by laws framed in the colonial period had undergone changes.

A cognitive script of behavioural path in a social situation needed to be written. Individuals wrote numerous cognitive scripts which had decipherable patterns. With implicit expectations, they culminated in choice alternatives and consensus building exercises in a twisted choice function. Immediate and delayed choices in intertemporal decision making the  immediacy of gratification may have had social and other inhibitory mechanism.

 Emergent surveillance regime and method of governance particularly in Democracies had the effect of making an entire population a suspect. With changed technology and digital surveillance there appeared to be a trade off of privacy with better governance. Mass surveillance of a population and preventive policing, profiling had a history particularly evident in colonial system of governance where anti nationalism was about state security. State in the past as well as the present had incentivised lateral surveillance ( peer to peer level) to monitor others for illegal, suspicious and unlawful activities by others, while the state itself could perform surveillance in the form of interception without the target becoming aware. These lateral surveillance was often misused with the purpose unknown and over surveillance. This had required intervention by the courts globally as well as Supreme Court of India in 1996 ( PUCL Versus Union of India SCC 1997). Operating under opacity there is a lack of clarity in the regulatory framework for targeted surveillance. Surveillance as a part of governance was brought to the forefront by aggregating confidential information about individuals in a digital data in India as Aadhaar and bringing the population under a disciplinary monitoring.At the global level Pegasus snoop gate did not draw much response in India but countries like USA, France, Mexico released an official response and started investigations in an era where entire population was reduced to digital data and real time monitoring of thoughts, words and deeds with little accountability and misuse of power.

Predetermined scripts with set scenes need actors whose characters are developed by the script writer while building conflict in suspension of disbelief and enter the world of possibilities in speculation in the principle of theater. Non speculative writing has suspension of belief where own beliefs are set aside and beliefs of others are accepted as truth in a cultural setup. Introducing uncertainties in any model requires application of specific rules depending on mathematical operations. For addition and substraction absolute uncertainties while for multiplication and division there is use of relative and fractional uncertainties  while for power and exponential relative uncertainties are multiplied by power. Commutative property applies to addition and multiplication but not to substraction and division as changing the order of number of operations does not change the result. Associative property applies to addition and multiplication but not to substraction Or division as number of groups in parentheses does not change the result. Distributive property applies to multiplicative property over addition or substraction as the multiplicative property is distributed over each term in the parentheses and division cannot be distributed over addition and substraction in the same way. Uncertainties in the stochastic equation come from the systems parametric uncertainty( due to lack of knowledge of intrinsic properties) as well as the inherent randomness or stochastic variability of the system itself. Ideal randomness exists when all outcomes have equal probability without being effected by observations as randomness refers to the phenomenon and stochastic to the process. As randomness is not  dependent on initial conditions it differs from chaos which is a result of sensitivity to initial conditions. Chaotic systems may appear to be random but are often deterministic if initial conditions are known. Conceptualization with qualitative working definitions and quantitative conceptualization from these ideas is initial step in scripting. Distinguishing between implicit concept and ideas in social conditioning from those that are implicit in the language used the question of naming shapes, objects, relations, field, particles, phase arises. The problem increases if the language is of the oppressor. Anarchy as a state of societal disorder due to absence of governance is often linked with chaos. Free radicals advocate deep shifts in context of anarchy. As radicals seek fundamental changes to the system the reactionary seeks to revert to a previous perceived better system but both challenge the status quo.

Role of ideology and cultural myths tainting scripting may not be ruled out. Self delusion, hypocrisy at  various levels, pseudo secularism and market delusions can lead to being dismissive of ideology. While ideological biases can lead to over-theorizing on the other end of the scale. Analogy of hallucinations from false precepts in models constructed or from data can occur in artificial intelligence. Model memorizing knowledge in it’s parameters on a large corpus, particularly due to bots on large language models, errors on encoding/ decoding between text and representation has been criticised by many. Meanwhile hallucination from data arises from source reference divergence. Both content creators and content generation with a pretense of being factual make these hallucinations explicit. Human psychology explanation of perception being based on distal signals  being shaped by recipients attention, memory, learning, expectation is an important topic in psychophysics and sensory neuroscience. The perceptual system is treated as enabling individuals to treat the world around them as being stable even though sensory information is incomplete. Social perception of speech, social touch and the emergence of a sense of agency as a subjective feeling of having chosen a particular action is relevant. Loss of sense of agency in a schizophrenic society escalates social disorder. The opposite effect of feeling helpless and like a manipulated machine could occur.  While intolerance to uncertainty by individuals gives a feeling of impotence and lack of control over events unfolding. Obsession caused by the neurochemical imbalance of glutamate C₅H₉NO₄ and GABA C₄H₉NO₂ through the catalyst enzyme( a protein with scaffolding function intact) in terms of Social Excitation and cataclysm brought by anarchist had to be countered.

Master slave dialectic of Hegel and the struggle for  freedom has been a serious subject for critical psychology and sexual fantasies of structured psychoanalysis. Just as a theory of forms of Plato is treated as pivotal to Western philosophy. Reality being composed of abstract, ideal forms and mistaken shadows continue to be discussed.Stepping beyond the promissory concepts of independence and freedom  there is a  noticeable neglect  of political psychology  and socio- economic concerns such that there is reduction in degrees of freedom of thought and anti- ideology and ideology become the same at the perceptual level. Ideology is compelling to take refuge in as a practice of thinking with adhesion to a doctrine and resistance beyond beliefs as it increases conceptual abilities. 

Starting with perceptions and then conceptualizing the possibility of truth brings us to the present analysis. Modernism is about the trends of culture and social relations while modernity  is the time period mainly in terms of Renaissance in Europe of 17^th Century. The change in socio- cultural norms and attitudes as the Age of Reason has its criticism in terms of Post Modernism.  Ideologies and world view of modernism has led to skepticism in the intellectual stand towards narratives. Objective-rational knowledge  and unmediated reality has a low probability .As propounded by some,it was  around 1939  that the post modern Age was inaugurated by the World War of 1914- 1918. Japan with its known scarcity of critical minerals and technological limitations of deep sea extraction made develop a growing dependency on importing raw materials and energy. The control of markets and their raw material was a major incentive for colonization. While Germany escaped the wrath of atomic bomb as it had raw materials and critical materials but not a control of sea and air routes , Japan faced the wrath of the atomic bomb as it had very little critical minerals but access to land and air trade routes. A neo colonial World order emerged post Second World War 2.

The perceived notional anti Christ being dead and the kingdom of God being no where near not fully explained, there was no ruler for the anarchist and the political state was vulnerable. The conceptual world was now analyzed more in terms of geometrization of knowledge non-orthogonal angles and based on patterns, purpose and process and also in the style of citations with narration levels. Anarchy is sometimes synonymous with chaos in a dynamic social system with an intrinsic coherence. Chaotic system are structured,recursive and reactive. The psychitecture of shaped environment of landscapes and  tall skyscrapers has an artificial aura. A lifestyle which was perceived to be outside the norm of existing culture and was an attempt to express true self with resistance to opinion of others is an alternative lifestyle. In a situation of chaotic state of affairs of existing culture was loosing the existing self perception and gaining it again with shifted focus from amidst possible selves. The problem with Radicalized Islamist was that of being a radical as well as reactionary simultaneously resulting in s bipolar disorder. Chronoception in the brain as to perception of passage of time, mental chronometry of intervals of time in a highly distributed system across cerebral cortex, cerebellum, basal ganglia and recognition of certain rhythm like circadian in pathology of illusory time raises question about what is time all over again. The psychitectural attempt to control the shape of the environment creates an illusion.

It is not a complete break with the past.Myths are about the underlying structure . From vague emotions and their psychological interpretation so that the content is contingent as tradition reaches its lowest truth value, myths shape social choices and individual behavior. Optimism is about positive thought while hope is the process of setting goals hence stronger. Myth building in mass communication and mass media does have a role in drawing attention to present concerns and social issues, like need of Independence from colonial rule and other issues post independence. There can be an algebraic formulation of mythological transformation in a Structural study of Myth, but algebra itself is of two types either as in conjunctive form or disjunctive form or post modern K algebra. The view of algebraic culture with generalizations the system could choose it’s own initiates and statements about motivation will have to be made. Algebra has it’s own culture as suspended in it’s emptiness and of surviving amidst abstractions.

History is not to be construed in terms of  chronology, continuity, progress  and ideas of individuals only but also in terms of analysis of the breaks in thoughts which are discrete and discontinuous as episteme. Whether power is like Hobbes Leviathan or is wielded by people or groups by episodic or sovereign actions such that it is not an agency or structure in( Michel Foucault , Order of Things). Economics and psychology come together in a discourse of risk taking capacity and risk aversion, reward sensitivity and goal orientation while putting up a framework. Skepticism of justifications for authority and the institutions for coercion and hierarchy places anarchism at and extreme of the political spectrum while the reactionary in this framework would oppose the socio political forces tending to anarchy.

The social choice process can be treated as a sequence of challenges to status quo and the energy spent in maintaining it. The proponents having sufficient power through circulation of power. For the individual or groups, power varies as per the social states. According to Condorcets’ paradox, individual or group preferences maybe rational yet the majority preference turns out to be irrational. Again we can treat rights as a limitation on power and discretion or as instrument of subjugation and domination. What is required is dialectal logic leading to solution. An anarchic state has no hierarchical superior power resolving disputes and enforcing order. Outright rejection of government authority in favour of self governance or community consensus deteriorating into chaos is a self seeking approach. A stateless or chaotic state, absence of ordering principle and idealized classlessness emphasizes spontaneity but may turn anti humanist.Restoring status quo ex ante is a reactionary view with the idea contemporary state of affairs lacks positive characteristics.

Transformation of quantity into quality, interpretation of opposites and negation of negation are the three laws of dialectics of Friedrich Engels ( Dialectics of Nature). The problem in such logic and systems remains that of aspirations and motivations. Domination can be maintained through cultural and ideological means and through social institutions  There is a flow in power to influence the values, norms, ideas, expectations , world view and behavior of rest of the society. In India colonial rule ended with weakening of the colonial power under a World War by transfer of power to western educated Indian elite who did not seek a forceful solution , repatriation of colonial plunder and adapted a polity and constitution with colonial legacies. Soon the system turned oligarchic. The Judicial system turned into legal backwaters and no legal thought emerged indigenously since India gained independence from colonial rule of the British with folded hands of non cooperation and marches. The bureaucracy also remained a colonial legacy of elitism working in a cloak of secrecy. The economic effect of the colonization was reduction of India’s share in world trade and loss in productivity but remaining a huge market for public and economic goods with deepening socio-economic inequalities.The economic market driven forces in absence of reflection have a dehumanizing effect. The emerging digital divide and the development blurring the difference between producer and produced of subjects of Constitution constituted subjects and objects of power could be a moderator and humanism holds a promise.

Analysis of the action of Socio-political entrepreneurs, social movements and business entrepreneurs in a system with colonial legacies and mindset is basically a study of political deviance and differential power with departure from social norms. There are expectations which are purportedly having positive intent and consequences for society. The loops of cooperative spiral, competitive spiral and overshoot loops feedback can collapse societies. Nested loops can collapse into a single loop and as the notion of mass changes from that of motion to a function of parameters there is a collapsed manifold.

Determining the intents of the players/actors and the consequence of their behaviors of engagement in social environmental interactions is deviant behavior when it puts others at personal or political disadvantage. Deviance can be based on ritualism, conformity, innovation or rebellion perpetrated in the name of state or individually in rational choice setup. There has to be assumption of responsibility by those struggling to effect social change.

The intent of the participants/actors and consequences are socially negotiated and become visible in and out of courtrooms and society.( Handbook of Deviant Behavior, Pat Lauderdale, Routledge 2011). The deviant social attitude leads to corruption where the aim is to obtain private advantages as the individual is working in self interest. Uncertainty in policy, governmental decisions and judicial outcomes , the financial constraints, dysfunctional Court system with a colonial elitist mindset, the dispensation of favors to create advocacy groups  converts to misconduct and all show social costs of corruption in transactional costs. ( Corruption as a Deviant Social Attitude, Csapoli ,Pal, Takacs, Katalin, Public Finance Quarterly, Budapest, Vol 1, LV1 ISS.1, 2011). Various forms of corruption as bribery, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, embezzlement, graft, extortion, parochialism, lobbying, influence peddling effect the quality of the institution. The colonial heritage causes  a dysfunctional democracy, stunts growth and increases inequality.

Cognitive dissonance from conflicting and inconsistent attitudes, belief, thoughts in social ideology led to loss of equanimity in curious minds and caused an influx of intellectual refugees to western liberalism. Beyond structures, direction and practical applications the commentary on political psychology and human nature ( Erich Fromm in Escape from Freedom). The explanation of story of Adam and Eve was based on alienation. Their shame in discovering their humanness and separation from nature is an insightful observation.

Indian myths may have been built around some reality , Krishna and Mahabharata as well Ramayana  both have the notion that humans are one with nature as well as separate from it at the same time and ii in union with Sita the earth element. Ravana tries to break this union but fails because of support of Bajrang Bali who  understands this with his heart. They are united after the fall of Lanka.  hidden in a grand narrative of the myth they are turned into icons. Taking recourse to well known myths to communicate with the masses to increase awareness of social issues is using icons symbolically. Freedom is larger in scope  and has degrees than independence which is about ordering. Class is about ideas and ideologies. India gained Independence at a time when skepticism as a philosophical movement entrenched itself in Western thought.

Intellectual  refugees to the west had a difficulty defining India as a nation. Across the spectrum of conservatism , liberals and moderates, the conservatives were more intuitive and less reflective as some data suggests. Mass communication and mass media was used to bring issues to attention of the people. M K Gandhi adopted the approach of village industry and handloom, civil disobedience and non cooperation as tool influenced by non violent anarchistic frame with Ramayana references. The diverse political ideologies in the Congress did help in generating idea of a nation albeit with diversity and contradictions. As the conditions for a World War II were ripening it had two major effects in terms of weakening of the Colonial power and legalization of the Communist Party of India in 1942 though it was formed in 1925. This was due to the British and Soviet Union coming together against Nazi Germany. A theory of racial purity and superiority received a great blow.

The manner of mediation of cognitive mechanism between brain and belief at individual level is the political psychology of the leadership. The diversity and specificity in psychological co-relates of the individual actors as social risk taking, goal directions reward sensitivity, risk perception , ethical risk taking, impulsiveness, agreeableness, emotional control and mindfulness are parameters and personality factors.

The personality factors of the individual dependent on the neurotic basis of order/disorder in brain function decides the practice of thinking. Whether it is to be with an adherence to a doctrine or resistance to it, Thus deciding ideological leanings. Cognitive decision making strategies are mirrored in the individuals ideologies. Dogmatism is often seen as content free dimension of ideological thought which reflects a certainty with which ideological beliefs are held. Key players in Independence struggle under a general umbrella do not appear to be dogmatic or intolerant to alternative or opposing beliefs. Elective affinities of Congress leadership centered around decentralization of power and greater participation in governance as seen in ideological leanings of Sardar Vallabh Patel, Mk Gandhi, S C Bose, M A Jinnah and others. This later transformed into notion of demand for independent socio-political order but in a non-violent model.

Patriotism is morally indifferent preference in individual choice. Being rooted in the sub-conscious it is very susceptible to manipulation and sometimes in situation of conflict it can be dehumanizing by demagoguery. In the shaping of pro independence social choice it played a very great role. Lack of access to opportunities and fulfillment of aspirations under the colonial rule had impaired the social welfare function.Soon religiosity due to heightened agreeableness, risk perception and increasing religious competitiveness found an overlap with the psychological profiles of conservatism and dogmatism. Around 1861 Imperial Legislative Council came into existence, evidently greater participation in governance was seen as expedient. The first elections in India was held in 1920 to central legislative Council and Provincial Legislative Councils.and a Chamber of Princes was established to express opinion of princely states. But the weakening of monarchies and feudalism were evident and aristocratic way of life was unsustainable due to labor shortages, resentment and discontent among tenant workers. Increasing burden of taxes playing its role, religious competition increased.

Seeds of partition were sowed as these political leaders did not seem opposed to idea of partition. However The Communist Party of India was opposed to partition. Yet,British India became two independent states of India and Pakistan. The common umbrella of Congress to a broad spectrum of ideologies in aggregating discontent against colonial rule and independence ended with partition and independence. Negative politics of populism started post independence even when mob rule was rendered irrelevant along with dictatorship.

In 1948 M K Gandhi was assassinated. Ironically post independence the large capitalist model was put into use conveniently invoking theory of trusteeship and socialist ideas under Jawahar Lal Nehru who was influenced with Bolshevism. Pakistan on the other hand followed a defense oriented policy arising out of its sense of insecurity. Indo-Pak wars of 1947 was on issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The Sino-indian War of 1962 had Chinese expansionism as a cause.In Post Independence period a powerful version for mass communication and mass media emerged across the globe around the period under review, later with in the electronic media with a visual approach and TV broadcast with electronic gadgets and smart phones it increased in power. The perpetual adversarial competition in the information environment. Iconoclasm that one shall not build idols for oneself ended up in Idol creation by mass media through mass communication with a pessimism towards the chosen section of mass audience. In this scenario making of modern idols becomes even less demanding mentally and there is trivialization. Misinformation and disinformation create conflict and there is a stress effecting individual behavior and social choices.

The impairment of cognition caused by stress deformation by strain alter behavior and responses in the imparting of information through mass media. Myth building of leadership of Independence Movements and creating idols and icons through mass media and entertainment Industry is self defeating.  As Michel Focault puts it in Madness and Civilization, Madness is the false punishment of a false solution, and madness is its own cure. The mental collapse where psychological state is a general domain and mental state is a specific domain, mind set could be a goal oriented  fixed mindset and not growth oriented. In the limited theory of the mind where it is only the ability to attribute mental state to others has to take mental states arising from brain waves and quantum wave collapse on measurement in interaction with external objects and social transactions. Trust deficit in mutual relations and time investment in social relationship and the quantum mind psychology had transaction costs generalized to convert it to classical state.

Fake news, planted news. Misinformation and disinformation destabilizes the equilibrium of social states. The introduction of internet created a globalization and larger influx of intellectual refugees from various geographical location as geographical boundaries collapsed and netizens gained recognition. The world wide web as a network of platforms with a participatory character based on the principle of decentralization of authority. authenticity and openness had a large potential for collaborative actions. Later rise of social media based on wisdom of the crowds which itself is manipulated for political and economic reasons, a conceived reality of earlier mass communication turned into a virtual reality. Market interest dominated and instead of product it was branding which was easier. Blatant manipulation, distortion of facts, lack of authenticity, inbreeding with mainstream media for citation and collaboration, like Wikipedia, Instagram are now merely a tool for distorting information flow. Branding and icon creations are paid for and done by service providers. Volunteering time could have been an act of generosity. Open free source are subject to vandalism and incorrect information mostly intentionally.

Abuse of entrusted power for political socio-economic gains effects valuation and social values in rational choice theories of bounded rationality. Influence, agreements with inappropriate social contacts, institutional corruption lies in the inappropriate method of conducting a relation say of bar and bench. Lobby groups , finances of electoral campaigns to obtain favor ,influence peddling, practice of clientalism who benefit from public policies and posts through influence come into existence. In competitive democracy with oligarchs being replaced by new elite through myopic majoritarianism has a Functionalist explanation. The higher economic utility for the corrupt, distorts public investment with higher transaction costs. Methodological individualism and self interest preferences leads to corruption not being a crime of passion but of calculation.( Elster 1989) Discretionary authority over state resources and decision making regardless of material benefits is a logic of appropriateness rather than of consequences. Free flow of information, accountability , transparency and motivation are needed even if they increase paperwork, and obstruction to incentive to implement. (CMI/U4 Anti Corruption Resource centre, The cognitive psychology of corruption.)

Role of elite ideology where the trajectory of socio-economic inequality is high due to other socio-economic and political factors , it is difficult to reverse it in an institutional center and policy change is difficult. The status quo bias which is a cognitive bias settles for a level of preferences of binary sets showing indifference. The resistance to change due to risk and loss aversion when status quo is irrational, or when there are higher cost of transformation than that of preserving make it rational, often stability for group harmony is the concern. Besides status quo bias, and quorum system of elitism, an agenda setting for a pseudo- environment and a constructed reality also comes into existence in sense of media bias and what the society must be informed. There is increased power of propaganda  and in a functional democracy it leads to self-serving social preferences influencing individual behavior which prevents optimal social cohesion .

The media bias and agenda setting on political, economic and cultural issues , manufacture of consent is necessary. The people find the world summarized for them by the self serving well informed elite and notion of Democracy alters. (Public Opinion, Walter Lippmann, Harcourt, 1922). Though history of the press and liberalization, makes it is now self-governed in the name of Freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) even though there is a Press Council brought into existence. The reactionary force rears its head to lessen social entropy by positive and negative enthalpy.

In an oligarchic polity, as Post Independence India turned out to be under Indira Gandhi who was more of a Stalinist.There was a principal/agent version where contractual space created allocative inefficiencies, which lead to emergence of stress on social values on the social membrane. The personal interest strain, deviant subculture strain and resource strain reared its head in social enthalpy to reduce social entropy. Leading to imposition of Emergency and curbs, it is considered a dark period. Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984 and in 1991 Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. This period also witnessed a third Indo-Pak war in 1971 leading to creation of Bangladesh The imbalance of power between India and Pakistan was evident. India turned to nuclear deterrent in 1974 and launched its own space and missile program.

Under V P Singh social justice concerns were exacerbated by widening reservations in the name of affirmative action on the basis of backward caste without any attempt to identify backward class in 1990. Mandal Commission report recommendation of 27 percent reservation to OBC seemed to extend the reservation policy of reservation in education of 1902 of Kolhapur, of 1921 in Mysore , of 1952 in Communal award by the British government of seperate electorates, and was carried over in the Indian Constitution.There was no attempt to understand the serious limitation of social welfare functions in interpersonal comparison of utilities. Chaotic potential of the economy has been high, autonomy of economic decisions were however severely restricted in covert authoritarianism of a license raj which distorted the kinetics of the markets. Interestingly Geological Survey reported finding of 5.9 tonnes Lithium ore in Riasi district of Jammu in 1997 which was never brought to the notice of the country and was made public only in 2023. The low neutron cross-section of Lithium -7 of the lithium family makes it invaluable for nuclear power use. In fusion reaction is established, deuterium and lithium are external fuels necessary to sustain it. As hydrogen isotope tritium does not exist on earth as a natural resource it is to be made from lithium 6 which is a controlled material used in thermonuclear bomb. Lithium has an atomic number 3. Transmutation of lithium to helium makes nuclear reactions energy commercial. Uranium and lithium are considered transition materials. Although India became a nuclear power in 1974 and the second test in 1998 contained a fusion detonation and the remaining four were fission device. Choosing nuclear power to meet growing energy needs of a growing economy would be a rational choice.

With bounded rationality, the individual choice and preferences were often effected by market delusion due to market assymetry. At times individual choices and preferences just irrational though the constrained social choice in the economy created an illusion of rationality. Economic development was assymetrical. The secular ratio of consumption to GDP and upward inflationary trend, savings ratio to GDP has shown an upward trend. The slow down of growth during 1970’s was reversed during 1980’s. The growth rate in 1990’s post liberalisation does not have the expected momentum. The 2000 to 2010 trend is more in terms of growing influence of global cues as per data. Political ideology also shows a change towards conservative liberalism. Growth enhancing structural reforms appear and analysis in terms of production possibility frontiers suggests reallocation of capital and labour resources.The labour productivity, technological development across industries also shows a positive trend. From 2008 to 2017 there is capital deepening as compared to 1993 to 2008 as per RBI. However capital efficiency has been an issue of concern along with market efficiency and judicial reforms. The distribution function remains unaltered in a demographic context. The distribution function as distributivity function is joint probability of labour productivity having increased with capital productivity along with conditional probability of increase in income with equitable distribution.However the Indian economy surpassed the United Kingdom’s economy to become the fifth largest economy in the world in terms of GDP by the end of 2021according to figures by IMF.

On the global front collapse of the Soviet Union and its dissolution on 31/12/1991 had a ripple effect on dominant political economic doctrines of relation between individuals and state. P V Narishma Rao began the process of opening up the economy like glasnost of erstwhile Soviet Union. While Dr. Manmohan Singh tried economic reforms like erstwhile Soviet Union”s perestroika without building any consensus and took Indo – US relations to a new level. Indian economy grew into a formidable force but with deep socio-economic inequality. Bureaucratic reforms are still overdue. It was falling oil prices which had fueled collapse of Soviet Union, India survived because it is an oil importing country rather than an exporter unlike the erstwhile Soviet Union. No amount of motivated reasoning, pre-packaged misinformation and rationalization to defend ideological dissolution by leftist scholars can evade this issue unless they turn into ideological scoundrels.

The reactionary forces emerged, as there was ongoing fragmentation and criminalization of politics then as of BJP coming in power. The new elite takes over due to a negative or positive enthalpy in the enthalpy of formation. Nationalism and conservatism appear to be deeply co related to caution in perceptual decisions and to reduced strategic information processing in political psychology (Prabhat Patnaik on Slavoj Zizek: The Limits of National Allegory ( http://www.acedimia.edu). Mythical figures and icons are invoked, Is India more salient in global calculations in the face of radicalization and terrorism, the impact of globalization and the power of new technologies?( Why Bharat Matters: Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, External Affairs Minister, Rupa Publications 2024). Unfortunately violence endorsement are because of slower perceptual strategies, impulsivity and sensation seeking among a section of the society. Having become a net importer of terrorism / extremism as well as being surrounded by hostile neighbouring countries, the Indian spending on internal security increased and infrastructural and external defences technological improvements started taking place. On the other hand censorship and pretext of maintenance of internal security gained importance.Terrorism/Extremism has been extensively studied in social and political context.To say it is a product like any other service in economics is also correct as political states export these services for intimidation of a large audience or disrupt economic gains of the unwilling importer.

The ideological leaning of the new governing elite further leads to things like farm laws without debate in parliament or consultation by farmer organization. Farmer agitation of 2022-2024 we’re marked with disruptive tendencies.There is some coterie in the new elitist grouping which has a common interest. In case the coterie has a deviant behavior then opportunism is the order of the day, Reviewing historical narrative in school books as seen recently in dropping certain chapters in school books has to be based on critical reasoning.

Public memory or social memory is a process as memory is subject to change and manipulation. The process involves remembering schemes in the past, recognition of patterns which is used in recollection with added or changed details. The way individuals remember the past and relationship between social discourse , practice and expectations shapes public memory. Considering the social environment of memory and its interaction with existing narrative leads to a situation when it in resistance to the public dominant version of memory generated by the privileged who create written evidence. Public or social memory is then an alternative for dominant state sponsored views and are then a repository of knowledge of people without history. This public memory arises in the communication measure of individuals who experience it to become cultural memories later. It forges new social choices and preferences. The generosity of volunteer time for a free Wikipedia based on public knowledge which in a circular logic is based on newspaper and tv reports is doubtful for the reason that thousand of companies/ individuals are offering Wikipedia, Google, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram and SEO services for a monetary charge. Gardeners, photographers, veterinarians along with algorithm writers are writing and editing pages on science and mathematics.That is awesome manipulation of information. Informational anarchy becomes institutionalized when facts are deleted or shown not to be co related as in the story of Super Nova 1987A, it coincided with newspaper headlines about radio signals from outside the solar system., a black hole forming outside the the solar system, a malefic 10th planet and a receding point of light rushing through the solar system packing the power of 40,000 Hydrogen bombs. Speculation about Jupiter turning into a sun due to the process initiated by comet impact with it around this time had grabbed newspaper headlines. Jupiter is more of a gas planet with hydrogen and helium which did not start burning as a star because it is not as massive as required. There is no such mention in Wikipedia or social media about these incidents in a distortion.. Then there are events of 2005 again headlines in mass media, the long big bang, gamma burst, galaxy left ringing like a bell, the earth shifting on its axis and radio signals from an empty region of outer space. Mysteriously this information also goes missing from Wikipedia and other open source platforms. Public memory and attention is short.There is playing around with public knowledge and covert censorship of information with oblique motive.

Recently in Supreme Court Of India,during arguments reference to Wikpedia articles were made.Bizarre judicial decisions as Prem Mardi Vs Union of India on term Adivasi ( Manu/DI/0874/2017) SCC Online Sept 19, 2015, elitist humanism are all requiring review. PIl culture in terms of elitist humanism is based on altering the notion of locus standi in litigation. When Legal Aid is already there it is self contradictory. As ideologies are diluted with new postulates, there is a looming crisis of credibility and legitimacy. Legislative and judicial failures occur when they arise from political deals. Failed states can be caused by resource scarcity provoking conflict or resource abundance provoking corruption and exclusion. Clientalism regimes lead to criminalization of the state and new war themes based on plunder and sustained thorough violence. Rise of reactionary forces led to India not becoming a failed state. The other reason for India not becoming a failed state is the large size of its domestic market which some multinationals for the sake of operational efficiency do not want to fragment. On the other hand some multinationals would like to see it fragmented as their products are easily replaceable. Reactionary forces can stop a state failure only if they attempt decriminalization and intolerance to nepotism and favoritism.The conspiracy ideation reaffirms that skeptical and critical thinking lowers as there is a perceived ability of those stigmatized ideas that are in conflict with officially sanctioned and orthodox beliefs.Sometimes statement of facts academically verified can be insulting depending on the tone and manner. BJP ex-spokesperson was ousted from the party for some comments in a debate on TV. Countries like Qatar,Turkey,Afghanistan,Pakistan and OIC started lecturing India in 2022. India should have stood up firmly.Conspiracy theories espoused by Narendar Modi and Amit Shah are only a reaffirmation of power as patriotism is manipulated by demagogy.

Manu Shanker Mishra